How does an LED work simply?

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor solid-state light-emitting device, uses a solid semiconductor chip as a light-emitting material. When a forward voltage is applied to both ends, carriers in the semiconductor recombine to cause photon emission to generate light.


The material used in LEDs is essentially aluminum-gallium-arsenide (AlGaAs). In its original state, the atoms of this material are strongly bonded. Without free electrons, it is impossible to conduct electricity here.

By adding impurities (called doping), additional atoms are introduced, effectively interfering with the material balance.




We know that in order to shoot electronically from the lower orbit to a higher orbit, it is necessary to increase its energy level. Conversely, if electrons are dropped from a higher orbit to a lower orbit, it is logical to release energy during the process.

Advantages of LEDs:
1. just need low voltage driver and low current led driver
2.Can be driven by constant led driver
3.The response time is very short - only about 10 nanoseconds.
4. The device does not require any heating and warm-up time.
5. Small size and light weight.
6.Strong structure, can withstand shock and vibration.
7.LEDs have a lifespan of more than 20 years.